| NEW WORD/EXPRESSION | EXAMPLE |
| pine: a tall tree with long, thin leaves shaped like needles | There is a pine tree in the garden. |
| slope: a surface or piece of land that is high at one end and low at the other | There’s a steep slope to climb before we’re at the top. |
| stream: a small river | We waded across a shallow stream. |
| vegetation: the plants and trees that grow in a particular area | The mountaintops were bare of any vegetation. |
| path: a narrow path or road | We followed a dirt track off the main road. |
| orchard: a piece of land where there are fruit trees | We went through the gate into the orchard. |
| freeze: a period of very cold weather when temperatures are below freezing-point |
How long do you think the freeze will last? |
| mist: small drops of water in the air that make it difficult to see objects that are not near | Gradually the mist cleared and the sun began to shine. |
| Adjective | Antonym |
| shallow: not deep | deep: having a long distance from the top to the bottom or from the front to the back |
| narrow: being only a small distance from one side to the other | wide: measuring a long distance or longer than usual from one side to the other |
| clear: easy to see through | muddy: covered with mud |
| winding: describes a path, road, river, etc. that turns a lot and is not straight | straight: not curved or bent |
| wild: a wild animal or plant livesor grows in its natural place | cultivated: grown in a garden etc; not wild |
| flat: smooth and level, with no lumps or curves | mountainous : a mountainous area has a lot of mountains. |
| gentle: a steep slope, hill, etc. goes up or down very quickly. | steep: (of hills) rising gradually |
| Some words can have more than one meaning and some meanings can be idiomatic:
I have got a mountain of work to do. (= a huge amount of work) There was a flood of applications for this job. (= suddenly a large number of applications) |
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